Method and apparatus for displaying and header scrolling a hierarchical data structure

ABSTRACT

Methods and apparatus can scroll a displayed hierarchical data structure. A hierarchical data structure can include a first parent node and a plurality of child nodes of the parent node, the plurality of subordinate nodes including a first child node and a second child node. The first parent node can be displayed in a first position of a display area. The first child node can be displayed in a second position of the display area, the second position being adjacent the first position. The second child node can be displayed in the display area. A first instruction to scroll at least the second child node in a direction toward the first position can be received, and the second child node can be displayed in the second position.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patentapplication Ser. No. 60/145,015 entitled “DISPLAYING AND SCROLLING AHIERARCHICAL DATA STRUCTURE” filed on Jul. 22, 1999.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention relate to text and graphical datauser interfaces. More particularly, embodiments of the present inventionrelate to displaying and scrolling a hierarchical data structure.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Modern computers and data processing devices typically utilize displayssuch as CRT's (Cathode Ray Tubes) and LCD's (Liquid Crystal Displays) todisplay text and graphics data. A user interacts with an applicationprogram that allows the creation, viewing and/or editing of a data fileor document on the display device.

Data files or documents often contain a large amount of text andgraphics data that cannot be displayed simultaneously on a display.Examples of documents include word processing documents, spread sheetdocuments, e-mail documents, etc. For example, many application programsproduce display output in a format known as WYSIWYG (What You See IsWhat You Get), which produces a screen display substantially identicalto a printed output. WYSIWYG output may include text of varying fontsizes, types, etc. using a variety of formatting. Because a data filerendered according to WYSIWYG typically occupies many pages, only aportion of the document can displayed at one time.

Computing devices typically can execute a technique known as scrollingto permit a user to navigate through a document. Scrolling is anoperation in which a user issues commands to a computing device toinstruct it to display a particular portion of data on a display. Theuser scrolls a document by issuing commands through a keyboard or mouse.

Known scrolling controls include a scroll bar, consisting of an icondisplayed on the display, that allows the user to instruct the computer(via a pointing device such as a mouse) to display a different portionof the document. Conventional scrolling controls provide a wide range offunctionality, typically allowing the user to scroll data up, down, leftor right.

FIG. 1A shows a conventional user interface with scrollingfunctionality. Typically the user interface depicted in FIG. 1A may beimplemented in a windows environment but can also be applicable to anon-windows environment. In one embodiment, the conventional userinterface is a graphical user interface (GUI). The user interfacedepicted in FIG. 1A includes an arrangement of control icons forperforming scrolling operations. Window 105 consists of a display area110, left scrolling button 150, right scrolling button 170, horizontalscroll bar 160, up scrolling button 120, down scrolling button 140, andvertical scroll bar 130. When a user selects any of left scrollingbutton 150, right scrolling button 170, up scrolling button 120 or downscrolling button 140 by clicking on the respective scrolling buttonusing a mouse, window 105 scrolls in the respective direction. Thescrolling windows includes portions of data 14-26. The position of thehorizontal scroll bar 160 showing that additional data can be displayedto the left and the right, and the position of the vertical scroll bar130 showing that additional data can be displayed to the top and thebottom. The user may also scroll window 105 by clicking and dragginghorizontal scroll bar 160 or vertical scroll bar 130 in the desireddirection of scrolling.

FIG. 1B illustrates a known layout of a conventional user interface inrelationship to an underlying data file or document 210. Document 210contains text or graphics data that cannot be practicably displayedwithin display area 110 of window 105, e.g., data 11-31. Thus, typicallyonly a portion of the data of document 210 is displayed within displayarea 110 of window 105, e.g., portions of data 14-26.

Known scrolling methods are not sensitive to the structure of the datato be displayed. Data is often implicitly or explicitly structuredhierarchically. For example, a word processing document of a book can bedivided into a set of chapters, each chapter further divided into anumber of subsections, and so on. A hierarchical relationship inherentin a set of data can be represented using a tree data structure thatconsists of a set of parent and child nodes, each node corresponding toa particular data object. For example, using the prior example of a bookword processing document, the data could be represented using multipletrees, with each chapter comprising a root node of a distinct tree datastructure. Each section within a chapter could be represented as a childnode of the root. Furthermore, each subsection could be represented as achild node of a corresponding section child node, and so on. In anotherembodiment, a book document could contain a book root node with thechapters being child nodes of the book root node.

FIG. 2 shows a diagram depicting an example of a tree data structure.Tree 205 includes root node 210, non-terminal nodes 215, and terminal(i.e., leaf) nodes 220 arranged in a parent-child structure. Root node210 is the ancestor of every node in tree 205. Non-terminal nodes 215are typically characterized as having an ancestor node and at least onechild node. Terminal nodes 220 are typically characterized as having anancestor node and no child nodes.

Due to limitations of conventional scrolling methods a display outputmay not show pertinent hierarchical relationships, which can result inconfusion and inefficiency for the user. For example, when perusinghierarchical data it can be advantageous that the hierarchical structureof data be conveyed to the user. For example, a text document mayconsist of a number of headers, each header associated with a set ofsubordinate body lines. An example of this structure is a newspaperdocument, consisting of a set of headlines (headers) and correspondingbody lines correspond to the text pertaining to each particularheadline. If a user were to peruse a paper newspaper, and a story werecontinued from the front page to an inner page, the inner page wouldtypically contain the headline text at an appropriate position where thestory was continued so that the user could quickly move to this section.However, if a user were to scroll a document containing a new articlesusing conventional scrolling methods, the body of the news story can bedisplayed without the corresponding headline when the headline has beenscrolled off of the display.

FIG. 3 illustrates a display of data in a conventional scrolling userinterface. Display area 310 shows data including first data header 310,second data header 320, and third data header 330. Below first dataheader 310 is displayed subordinate data 311-314, below second dataheader 320 is displayed subordinate data 321-325, and below third dataheader 330 is displayed subordinate data 331-334. Each of header dataheaders 310, 320, 330, together with their respective subordinate data,correspond to an underlying hierarchical tree structure, 301-303. FIG. 3does not include information indicating what proportion of thesubordinate data of a data header is currently displayed (e.g., whetherdata header 330 only has subordinate data 331-334, or whether dataheader 330 has additional subordinate data in addition to subordinatedata 331-334).

FIG. 5 illustrates the hierarchical relationship of the data displayedin FIGS. 3-4. Specifically, data trees 301-304 of FIG. 5 respectivelycontain root nodes 310-340. Root nodes 310-340 respectively correspondto the data headers 310-340 of FIGS. 3-4. Data trees 301-304 of FIG. 5respectively contain a set of child leaf nodes 311-314, 321-325,331-335, and 340-344. FIGS. 3-4 display varied portions of the dataheaders 310-340 and subordinate data 311-314, 321-325, 331-335, and340-344 corresponding to the root nodes 310-340 and child leaf nodes311-314, 321-325, 331-335, and 340-344 of FIG. 5.

FIG. 4 illustrates a display of data in a conventional scrolling userinterface after a three line vertical scrolling operation with respectto the display of data in FIG. 3. For example, FIG. 4 illustrates adisplay of data after the user has scrolled the display up three lines,either by moving the scroll bar 130 down or by clicking on the downscroll button 140. After a conventional scrolling operation, the header310 corresponding to tree structure 301 is no longer visible in displayarea 310. Accordingly, data 313-14 are displayed without theircorresponding header 310. When header 310 contains pertinent informationrelated to subordinate data 313-314, the user does not have access tothis pertinent information in the display area, thereby limiting theusefulness of the conventional user interface. While the data header andcertain of the subordinate data corresponding to tree structure 301 isno longer visible, a portion of the data of tree structure 304 is nowvisible in display area 310 including data header 340 and subordinatedata 341. FIG. 4 does not include information indicating what proportionof the subordinate data of a data header is currently displayed (e.g.,whether data header 340 has any subordinate data beyond subordinate data341, etc., what proportion of subordinate data of a data head thatsubordinate data 313-314 comprise, etc.). In view of the foregoing, itcan be appreciated that a substantial need exists for methods andapparatus which can advantageously display and scroll hierarchical data.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention include methods and apparatus toscroll a displayed hierarchical data structure. A hierarchical datastructure can include a first parent node and a plurality of child nodesof the parent node, and the plurality of subordinate nodes can include afirst child node and a second child node. The first parent node can bedisplayed in a first position of a display area. The first child nodecan be displayed in a second position of the display area, with thesecond position being adjacent the first position. The second child nodecan be displayed in the display area. A first instruction to scroll atleast the second child node in a direction toward the first position canbe received, and the second child node can be displayed in the secondposition.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A shows a conventional user interface with scrollingfunctionality.

FIG. 1B illustrates a known layout of a conventional user interface inrelationship to an underlying data file or document 210.

FIG. 2 shows a diagram depicting an example of a tree data structure.

FIG. 3 illustrates a display of data in a conventional scrolling userinterface.

FIG. 4 illustrates a display of data in a conventional scrolling userinterface after a three line vertical scrolling operation with respectto the display of data in FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 illustrates the hierarchical relationship of the data displayedin FIGS. 3-4.

FIG. 6 shows an illustration of a system in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 illustrates a user interface with enhanced scrolling features todisplay and header scroll a hierarchical data structure in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 illustrates the user interface of FIG. 7 after a scrollingoperation has been performed.

FIG. 9 illustrates the user interface of FIG. 8 after a scrollingoperation has been performed.

FIG. 10 illustrates a user interface with enhanced scrolling features todisplay and header scroll a hierarchical data structure in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 illustrates a user interface with enhanced scrolling features todisplay and header scroll a hierarchical data structure in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 illustrates the hierarchical relationship of the data displayedin FIG. 11.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of methods and apparatus to display and header scrollhierarchical data are described. In the following description, forpurposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth toprovide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will beappreciated, however, by one skilled in the art that the presentinvention may be practiced without these specific details. In otherinstances, structures and devices are shown in block diagram form.Furthermore, one skilled in the art can readily appreciate that thespecific sequences in which methods are presented and performed areillustrative and it is contemplated that the sequences can be varied andstill remain within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows an illustration of a system in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention. A workstation 600 includes computer601, which can coupled to a video display 602 via an external graphicsbus 606. The external graphics bus 606 can be an Advanced Graphics Port(AGP) compliant bus. Computer 250 in one embodiment includes a processor610, such as the Pentium® III processor manufactured by Intel Corp. ofSanta Clara, Calif. In another embodiment, the processor 610 can be anApplication Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Computer 601 canincludes a memory 620 coupled to the processor. The term “coupled” meansconnected directly or indirectly. The memory 620 includes a devicesadapted to store digital information, such as Dynamic Random AccessMemory (DRAM), Rambus® DRAM (RDRAM), flash memory, a hard disk, anoptical digital storage device, or a combination thereof, etc. Rambus®technology is licensed by Rambus Inc. of Mountain View, Calif. Thecomputer 601 can be coupled to a keyboard 603 and a mouse 604 via anexternal computer bus 605. In one embodiment, the external computer bus605 is a Universal Serial Bus (USB) compliant bus.

Memory 620 can include instructions adapted to be executed by theprocessor 610 to perform a method in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention. The term “instructions adapted to be executed” ismeant to encompass any instructions that are ready to be executed intheir present form (e.g., machine code) by a processor, or requirefurther manipulation (e.g., compilation, decryption, decoding, orprovided with an access code, etc.) to be ready to be executed by aprocessor (e.g., processor 610). In one embodiment, the memory 620 caninclude a GUI module 621 to implement a GUI (i.e., graphical userinterface). In conjunction with the GUI module 621, a header scrollingmodule 622 can implement an embodiment of the present invention withrespect to hierarchical data 623.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the workstation 600 iscoupled to a server 660 via a network 650. In one embodiment, the server660 is coupled to a storage device 665 that typically stores data on amagnetic medium such as a magnetic disk. For example, storage device 665may store application programs and associated data files/documents. Thedocuments may include, for example, word processing documents,spreadsheet documents, HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) documents, etc.Workstation 600 may access data stored in storage device 665 via server660 and network 650.

Header scrolling module 622 and GUI module 621 can be subcomponents ofan operating system running on workstation 600. In another embodiment,header scrolling module 622 and GUI module 621 can be supplementaryroutines of a particular application program running on workstation 600.In a further embodiment, header scrolling module 622 and GUI module 621are implemented as JAVA applets and stored on server 660. In such anembodiment, header scrolling module 622 and GUI module 621 aredownloaded as appropriate or as integrated components of a particularJAVA applet via network 650 to workstation 600 and are executed via aJAVA virtual machine implemented on workstation 600. An advantage of aJAVA implementation is that scroll handling module 622 and GUI module621 can be written and function independently of platform specificworkstation 600.

In another embodiment, header scrolling module 622 and GUI module 621are accessed through an application programmer's interface (API) thatprovides a convenient encapsulation structure for invoking the headerscrolling module 622 and the GUI module 621. For example, according toone embodiment of the present invention, header scrolling module 622 andGUI module 621 are implemented using a class structure in C++ or JAVA.

Hierarchical data 623 can be a document corresponding to a particularapplication such as a word processing document, a spreadsheet document,an HTML document, etc. In accordance with one embodiment of the presentinvention, hierarchical data 623 includes ASCII text strings storedusing a tree data structure including a set of parent and child nodes.In accordance with such an embodiment, a JAVA class is used to implementthe tree structure. In particular, a root node class contains a membervariable consisting of an array of pointers to reference a set of childnodes. According to such an embodiment, a child node class contains amember variable pointer referencing the root/parent node. Thus, eachinstance of the parent node object contains a set of pointersreferencing each of its child nodes, and each instance of a child nodeobject contains a pointer referencing the parent/root node.

In one embodiment of the present invention, hierarchical data is storedusing a tree data structure. In another embodiment of the presentinvention, hierarchical data does not reside in an explicit tree datastructure. For example, hierarchical data 623 may be part of an HTMLdocument, which HTML document can be considered to include hierarchicaldata because it contains a number of tagged data objects, each taggeddata object occupying a distinct hierarchical position in the document.Although the HTML language does not explicitly represent a hierarchicalrelationship using a tree data structure, a separate software componentcan be implemented that parses a particular hierarchical data set ordocument to produce as output a tree data structure capturing thehierarchical relationships of the data.

FIG. 7 illustrates a user interface with enhanced scrolling features todisplay and header scroll a hierarchical data structure in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention. The user interfaceillustrated in FIG. 7 can be implemented in a text based environmentand/or a graphical environment and viewed by a user on a display (e.g.,CRT display, video monitor, LCD screen, a display of a hand-held device,etc.). According to one embodiment of the present invention, thescrolling system includes a number of graphical icons, which allowcontrol of various scrolling functions. In one embodiment, the user caninteract with the graphical icons by pointing with a mouse (or bydirecting a cursor or selection icon over an area of a graphic icondisplayed on the display) and pressing the mouse button to select oractivate the a graphical icon. According to one embodiment of thepresent invention, each graphical icon may be instantiated as an objectusing a class structure. For example, using the C++ object orientedparadigm, each object may consist of a number of member variables andfunctions for control and interaction with the object.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, window 705 caninclude display area 707. Display area 707 shows data including dataheaders 310, 320, and 330. Subordinate data 311-314 is displayed belowdata header 310, subordinate data 321-325 is displayed below data header320, and subordinate data 331-334 is displayed below data header 330.Each of data headers 310, 320, 330, together with their respectivesubordinate data, correspond to a hierarchical data structure, 301-303.

The hierarchical data displayed in FIG.7 and FIG. 8 is also illustratedin FIG. 5. Specifically, data trees 301-304 of FIG. 5 respectivelycontain root nodes 310-340. Root nodes 310-340 respectively correspondto the data headers 310-340 of FIGS. 7-8. Data trees 301-304 of FIG. 5respectively contain a set of child leaf nodes 311-314, 321-325,331-335, and 340-344. FIGS. 7-8 display varied portions of the dataheaders 310-340 and subordinate data 311-314, 321-325, 331-335, and340-344 corresponding to the root nodes 310-340 and child leaf nodes311-314, 321-325, 331-335, and 340-344 of FIG. 5.

The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7 includes subordinate datadescriptors 710, 720, and 730, each of which can indicate the proportionof the subordinate data of a data header that is currently displayed(e.g., whether data header 330 only has subordinate data 331-334, orwhether data header 330 has additional subordinate data in addition tosubordinate data 331-334). Subordinate data descriptor 710 is displayedadjacent data header 310 and the subordinate data of data header 310.The subordinate data descriptor 730 includes a first dynamic displayportion 731 and a second dynamic display portion 732. One portion of asubordinate data descriptor can illustrate the proportion of subordinatedata currently displayed with the data header, and the other portion canillustrate the proportion of subordinate data currently not displayedwith the data header.

First portion 731 of subordinate data descriptor 730 is shaded andcomprises roughly four-fifths of the area of subordinate data descriptor710 and thereby indicates that four-fifths of the subordinate data ofdata header 330 is currently displayed. Second portion 732 ofsubordinate data descriptor 730 is not shaded and comprises roughlyone-fifth of the area of subordinate data descriptor 730 and therebyindicates that one-fifth of the subordinate data of data header 330 iscurrently not displayed. Subordinate data descriptor 710 is entirelyshaded, and thereby indicates that all of the subordinate data of dataheader 310 is currently displayed. Likewise, subordinate data descriptor720 is entirely shaded, and thereby indicates that all of thesubordinate data of data header 320 is currently displayed.

Window 705, in one embodiment, includes a contract button 777. Contactbutton 777 can be toggled between at least two states to change thedisplay of hierarchical data in window 705. As shown in FIG. 7, contactbutton 777 shows a two-level hierarchical display has been selected(e.g., by showing an illustration of data including data headers and afirst subordinate level of data) and two levels of hierarchical data aredisplayed within window 705.

FIG. 8 illustrates the user interface of FIG. 7 after a scrollingoperation has been performed. In particular, FIG. 8 depicts theoperation of an embodiment of the present invention after a verticalthree line scrolling operation as compared the status illustrated inFIG. 7. Comparing the transition shown respectively between FIGS. 3-4and between FIGS. 7-8 illustrated one feature of an enhanced headerscrolling method. Comparing the top lines of FIGS. 4 and 8 in therespective display areas 110, 410 after same three line verticaloperation, the top of display area 110 in FIG. 4 shows subordinate data313 stored in a first position (e.g., an edge position), subordinatedata 314 stored in a second position (e.g., a first adjacent edgeposition), and data header 320 stored in a third position (e.g., asecond adjacent position). The top of display area 410 in FIG. 8 showsdata header 310 stored in a first position (e.g., an edge position),subordinate data 314 stored in a second position (e.g., a first adjacentedge position), and data header 320 stored in a third position (e.g.,second adjacent position).

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a child node isnot displayed without displaying the root node of the child node (e.g.,when subordinate data is displayed, the subordinate data is displayedwith its header data). When a vertical scrolling mechanism isimplemented, a top line of the display can always display a root node.Thus, when the top line of the display would normally display a childnode using conventional scrolling, the top line in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention displays the root node of thecorresponding tree with a child node. An advantage to the user is thatthe header data of a tree is always displayed. Conventional scrollingcan lack sensitivity to the structure of the data. For example, asillustrated in FIGS. 3-4, when child node are displayed without acorresponding parent node, a user would have to rescroll the display inorder to determine the corresponding parent node. Thus, the embodimentof the present invention illustrated in FIGS. 7-8 advantageouslypreserve the hierarchical display of a tree structure after a scrollingoperation, which can result in increased efficiency and informationcontent being conveyed to a user.

FIG. 8 also illustrates how subordinate data descriptors can be updatedafter a scrolling operation. As compared to FIG. 7, the subordinate datadescriptor 710 shown in FIG. 8 has been resized so that it continues tobe adjacent the data header 310 and the currently displayed subordinatedata of data header 310. Subordinate data descriptor 710 now includes afirst portion 711 and a second portion 712. The first portion 711 isshaded and indicates the proportion of subordinate data of data header310 currently displayed. The second portion 712 is not shaded andindicates the proportion of subordinate data of data header 310currently not displayed. The second portion 712 is displayed above thefirst portion 711 to indicate that the undisplayed subordinate data ofdata header 310 has been scrolled off above the top edge of window 705(e.g., are positioned above the displayed subordinate data). Subordinatedata descriptor 730 as illustrated in FIG. 8 is entirely shaded, andthereby indicates that all of the subordinate data of data header 330 iscurrently displayed.

A data header 340 and its subordinate data 341, which were not displayedin FIG. 7, are displayed within window 705 of FIG. 8. Subordinate datadescriptor 740 includes a first portion 741 and a second portion 742 andis displayed adjacent data header 340 and subordinate data 341. Firstportion 741 of subordinate data descriptor 740 is shaded and shows theproportion of displayed subordinated data of data header 340 (i.e.,one-fourth). The second portion 742 is not shaded and indicates theproportion of subordinate data of data header 310 currently notdisplayed (i.e., three-fourths). The second portion 712 is displayedbelow the first portion 711 to indicate that the undisplayed subordinatedata of data header 340 have not been scrolled above the bottom edge ofwindow 705 (e.g., are positioned below the displayed subordinate data).

FIG. 9 illustrates the user interface of FIG. 8 after a scrollingoperation has been performed. In particular, FIG. 9 depicts theoperation of an embodiment of the present invention after a verticalline scrolling operation has been performed as compared the statusillustrated in FIG. 8. Subordinate data 314 was the only subordinatedata of header data 310 being displayed in FIG. 8. An instruction wasreceived to scroll the data one position toward the top of window 705was received, and a header scrolling module (e.g., header scrollingmodule 622 of FIG. 6) determined that subordinate data 314 was the onlysubordinate data of header data 310 being displayed. Rather thandisplaying subordinate data 314 without displaying header data 310, atwo position scrolling of the data toward the top of window 705 wasperformed and header data 320 is displayed in the position where headerdata 310 was formerly displayed (e.g., a top line position, an edgeposition, etc.).

In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, portionsand/or the entirety of a subordinate data descriptor can have threedistinct display states (e.g., have three different colors, have threedistinct shading levels, have three distinct display patterns, etc.).For example, when a subordinate data descriptor is displayed as relatedto a parent node (e.g., adjacent the parent node, adjacent the parentnode and child nodes of the parent node), a black portion of thesubordinate data descriptor can indicate what proportion of child nodesof the parent node is displayed. A subordinate data descriptor that isentirely black can indicate that all of the child nodes are currentlydisplayed with their parent node. A red portion of the subordinate datadescriptor can indicate what proportion of child nodes of the parentnode is not displayed. A subordinate data descriptor that is entirelyred can indicate that none of the subordinate data is currentlydisplayed with a header. A subordinate data descriptor that is entirelywhite can indicate that the displayed node has no child nodes (i.e., thedisplayed node is a terminal (i.e., leaf) node. In accordance withanother embodiment of the present invention, the first portion andsecond portion can include text corresponding to the number of displayedand undisplayed child nodes (e.g., a black portion of a subordinatedescriptor includes the number of displayed child nodes, a red portionof the subordinate descriptor includes the number of undisplayed childnodes, etc.)

FIG. 10 illustrates a user interface with enhanced scrolling features todisplay and header scroll a hierarchical data structure in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention. In particular, FIG. 10depicts the operation of an embodiment of the present invention afterthe contact button 777 has been toggled to change the display ofhierarchical data in window 705. As shown in FIG. 10, contact button 777shows a single level hierarchical display has been selected (e.g., byshowing an illustration of data including only one level of data). Anysubordinate data of the data headers 310-360 is not displayed withinwindow 705. When the contact button 777 is toggled back to displaytwo-levels of hierarchical data within window 705, subordinate data ofdata headers can once again be displayed.

Subordinate data descriptors 710-750 are each unshaded, and therebyindicate that there is subordinate data of each of data headers 310-350that is not currently displayed. Subordinate data descriptor 760 isneither shaded (e.g., as are subordinate data descriptor 730-740 of FIG.9) nor unshaded, and instead shows a third display state (e.g., striped,etc.), thereby indicating that data header 360 is a terminal (i.e.,leaf) node that has no subordinate data.

FIG. 11 illustrates a user interface with enhanced scrolling features todisplay and header scroll a hierarchical data structure in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention. Window 1005 includesdisplay area 1010 and title bar 1012. In one embodiment four levels ofhierarchical data are displayed within window 1105.

FIG. 12 illustrates the hierarchical relationship of the data displayedin FIG. 11. Second-level non-terminal nodes 1105, 1205 and 1305 arechild nodes of root node 1000. Second-level non-terminal node 1105 is aparent node of third-level non-terminal node 1110, which is a parentnode of fourth-level terminal nodes 1111, 1112, and 1113. Second-levelnon-terminal node 1205 is a parent node of third-level non-terminalnodes 1210 and 1220, each of which is respectively a parent node offourth-level terminal nodes 1211, 1212, 1213, and 1214 and fourth-levelterminal nodes 1221 and 1222. Second-level non-terminal node 1305 is aparent node of third-level non-terminal nodes 1310 and 1320 andthird-level terminal node 1330. Each of third-level non-terminal nodes1310 and 1320 are respectively a parent node of fourth-level terminalnodes 1311 and 1312 and fourth-level terminal nodes 1321 and 1322.Window 1105 of FIG. 11 displays data corresponding to the nodes of FIG.12.

Root node 1000 can be displayed within title bar 1012. In anotherembodiment, root node 1000 can be displayed in a top line of displayarea 1010. Subordinate nodes of root node 1000 can be displayed withindisplay area 1010 (e.g., data corresponding to the nodes illustrated inFIG. 12). In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention,when scrolling operations are performed upon the data displayed withindisplay area 1010, the hierarchical nature of the data is advantageouslydisplayed by displaying the parent node of a child node when that childnode is displayed (e.g., displaying the third level non-terminal node1110 when fourth-level terminal node 1111 is displayed, and displayingthe second level non-terminal node 1105 when third-level non-terminalnode 1110 is displayed, etc.).

Window 1005 includes two sets of subordinate data descriptors. The firstset of subordinate data descriptors includes subordinate datadescriptors 2105, 2205 and 2305, each of which is respectively displayedin association with one of second level non-terminal nodes 1105, 1205and 1305. Subordinate data descriptors 2105, 2205 and 2305 indicate theproportion of child nodes of second level non-terminal nodes 1105, 1205and 1305 that are displayed. For example, subordinate data descriptor2305 includes a first shaded portion that comprises one-third of thedisplay area of subordinate data descriptor 2305 and a second non-shadedportion that comprises two-thirds of the display area of subordinatedata descriptor 2305. The ratio of the shaded portion as compared to theentire subordinate data descriptor 2305 (e.g., approximately one-third)corresponds to the ratio of displayed child nodes of second-levelnon-terminal node 1305 as compared to the total number of child nodes ofsecond-level non-terminal node 1305 (e.g., one third-level node (i.e.,1310) is currently displayed out of the three third-level nodes (i.e.,1310, 1320, and 1330) of second-level node 1305.).

The second set of subordinate data descriptors includes subordinate datadescriptors 2110, 2210, 2220, and 2310, each of which is respectivelydisplayed in association with one of third level nodes 1110, 1210, 1220,and 1310. Subordinate data descriptors 2110, 2210, 2220, and 2310indicate the proportion of any child nodes of second level nodes 1110,1210, 1220, and 1310 that are displayed. For example, subordinate datadescriptor 2310 includes a first shaded portion that comprises one-halfof the display area of subordinate data descriptor 2310 and a secondnon-shaded portion that comprises one-half of the display area ofsubordinate data descriptor 2310. The ratio of the shaded portion ascompared to the entire subordinate data descriptor 2310 corresponds tothe ratio of displayed child nodes of third-level node 1310 as comparedto the total number of child nodes of third-level node 1310.

In one embodiment, a displayed window can include dynamic nodeindicators. Each dynamic node insertion indicator can be displayed toindicate a position of a node that was inserted into the display and/orthe underlying hierarchical data structure. According to one embodimentof the present invention, chat room data about different artists,albums, and songs can be hierarchically displayed. In one hierarchicaldata structure, artist data is second-level node data and song data isthird-level node data. User chat can be displayed as fourth-level nodedata corresponding to a song of an artist. In one embodiment, when auser adds an additional chat line about a song of an artist, thatadditional chat line can be displayed within the display area of awindow with an associated dynamic node insertion indicator to show thatthe additional chat line was recently added (e.g., added within a priorperiod of time, added after a user last visited the chat room, addedafter the user last viewed certain data, etc.).

In one embodiment, window 1005 includes dynamic node insertionindicators 1501, 1502, 1503. Dynamic node insertion indicator 1501indicates that fourth-level node 1111 was added, dynamic node insertionindicator 1502 indicates that fourth-level node 1213 was added, anddynamic node insertion indicator 1503 indicates that fourth-level node1221 was added. In one embodiment, a dynamic node insertion indicator isdisplayed to indicate that a node was recently added. In anotherembodiment, a dynamic node insertion indicator is displayed to indicatethat a user has not previously displayed (e.g., viewed) thecorresponding node. In a further embodiment, a dynamic node insertionindicator can have a number of degrees of intensity (e.g., degrees ofthickness, degrees of brightness, degrees of darkness, etc.) and thedegree of intensity is decreased each time the node corresponding to thedynamic node insertion indicator is displayed to the user, scrolledthrough a window, etc.

Embodiments of the present invention have been described wherehierarchical data headers and subordinate data are displayed vertically(e.g., header data is positioned above any of its subordinate data,etc.). In another embodiment of the present invention, hierarchical dataheaders and subordinate data are displayed horizontally (e.g., a headeris displayed to the left of subordinate data, a header is displayed tothe right of subordinate data). In a further embodiment of the presentinvention, hierarchical data is displayed within a three dimensionaldisplay and hierarchical data headers and subordinate data are displayedalong the depth perspective (e.g., a header is displayed closer to theuser and the subordinate data is displayed as further from the user,etc.)

Examples of hierarchical data in accordance with embodiment of thepresent invention include a hierarchical music data structure includingartist data as root node data, album data as subordinate nodes of theartist data, and song data as subordinate nodes of the album data. Inanother embodiment of the present invention including e-mail data as thehierarchical data, sender data can be parent node data and date/timedata can be subordinate nodes of the sender data nodes. In accordancewith a further embodiment of the present invention, hierarchical textualdata including text headers (e.g., alphanumeric characters, etc.) andsubtext (e.g., alphanumeric characters, etc.) can be displayed andscrolled. The text headers can be parent nodes, and the subtext can besubordinate nodes of the text header nodes. In accordance with anotherembodiment of the present invention, hierarchical data in a spreadsheetcan include parent nodes and subordinate nodes. Additional examples ofhierarchical data are known and can be displayed in conjunction withembodiments of the present invention.

In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, instructionsadapted to be executed by a processor to perform a method in accordancewith an embodiment of the present invention are stored on acomputer-readable medium and distributed as software. Thecomputer-readable medium can be a device that stores digitalinformation. For example, a computer-readable medium includes a portablemagnetic disk, such as a floppy disk; or a Zip® disk, manufactured bythe Iomega Corporation of Roy, Utah (Zip® is a registered trademark ofIomega Corporation); or a Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) as isknown in the art for distributing software. The computer-readable mediumcan be distributed to a user that has a processor suitable for executinginstructions adapted to be executed.

Embodiments of the present invention advantageously allow the displayand scrolling of hierarchical data including parent and child nodes(e.g., superior and subordinate nodes; root, non-terminal, and terminalnodes; etc.). A child node can be displayed during and after a scrollingoperation with its superior node. A graphical or text icon can bedisplayed for a hierarchical data structure to indicate, among otherthings, a ratio of nodes currently displayed to a total number of nodesin the hierarchical structure, a ratio of nodes not currently displayedto the total number of nodes, an indication that a node has no childnodes (i.e., is a terminal or leaf node), etc. Embodiments of thepresent invention can advantageous preserve displaying hierarchicalinformation about displayed hierarchical data and can result inincreased efficiency and information content being conveyed to a user.

In the foregoing detailed description, apparatus and methods inaccordance with embodiments of the present invention have been describedwith reference to specific exemplary embodiments. Accordingly, thepresent specification and figures are to be regarded as illustrativerather than restrictive.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for scrolling a displayed hierarchicaldata structure including a first parent node and a plurality of childnodes of the parent node, the plurality of subordinate nodes including afirst child node and a second child node, the method comprising:displaying the first parent node in a first position of a display area,displaying the first child node in a second position of the displayarea, the second position being adjacent the first position; displayingthe second child node in the display area; receiving a first instructionto scroll at least the second child node in a direction toward the firstposition; and displaying the second child node in the second position;wherein the first parent node includes a spreadsheet header and theplurality of child nodes include spreadsheet child nodes.
 2. A methodfor scrolling a displayed hierarchical data structure including a firstparent node and a plurality of child nodes of the parent node, theplurality of subordinate nodes including a first child node and a secondchild node, the method comprising: displaying the first parent node in afirst position of a display area, displaying the first child node in asecond position of the display area, the second position being adjacentthe first position; displaying the second child node in the displayarea; receiving a first instruction to scroll at least the second childnode in a direction toward the first position; and displaying the secondchild node in the second position; wherein the first parent nodeincludes artist data and the plurality of child nodes include albumdata.
 3. A method for scrolling a displayed hierarchical data structureincluding a first parent node and a plurality of child nodes of theparent node, the plurality of subordinate nodes including a first childnode and a second child node, the method comprising: displaying thefirst parent node in a first position of a display area, displaying thefirst child node in a second position of the display area, the secondposition being adjacent the first position; displaying the second childnode in the display area; receiving a first instruction to scroll atleast the second child node in a direction toward the first position;and displaying the second child node in the second position; wherein thefirst parent node includes album data and the plurality of child nodesinclude song data.
 4. A method for scrolling a displayed hierarchicaldata structure including a first parent node and a plurality of childnodes of the parent node, the plurality of subordinate nodes including afirst child node and a second child node, the method comprising:displaying the first parent node in a first position of a display area,displaying the first child node in a second position of the displayarea, the second position being adjacent the first position; displayingthe second child node in the display area; receiving a first instructionto scroll at least the second child node in a direction toward the firstposition; and displaying the second child node in the second position;wherein the first parent node includes textual header data and theplurality of child nodes include subtext data.
 5. A method fordisplaying hierarchical data, the method comprising: displaying a parentnode; determining a first value corresponding to a number of child nodesof the parent node; generating a subordinate data descriptor based atleast in part on the determined first value; and displaying thesubordinate data descriptor as associated with the displayed parentnode.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein displaying the subordinate datadescriptor as associated with the displayed parent node includesdisplaying the subordinate data descriptor adjacent to the displayedparent node.
 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising: determining asecond value corresponding to a number of displayed child nodes of theparent node.
 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising determining aratio of the second value to the first value.
 9. The method of claim 8,wherein the subordinate data descriptor includes a first portion, andthe size of the first portion is based at least in part on thedetermined ratio.
 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the subordinatedata descriptor includes a displayed number corresponding to the secondvalue.
 11. The method of claim 5, wherein generating the subordinatedata descriptor is further based at least in part on the determinedsecond value.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the subordinate datadescriptor includes a first portion corresponding to the determinedsecond value.
 13. An apparatus to display hierarchical data, theapparatus comprising: a. a processor; and b. a memory, coupled to saidprocessor, storing a plurality of instructions adapted to be executed bysaid processor to display a parent node; determine a first valuecorresponding to a number of child nodes of the parent node; generate asubordinate data descriptor based at least in part on the determinedfirst value; and display the subordinate data descriptor as associatedwith the displayed parent node.
 14. A computer-readable medium storing aplurality of instructions adapted to be executed by a processor todisplay hierarchical data, the plurality of instructions comprisinginstructions to: display a parent node; determine a first valuecorresponding to a number of child nodes of the parent node; generate asubordinate data descriptor based at least in part on the determinedfirst value; and display the subordinate data descriptor as associatedwith the displayed parent node.